Giita

《南傳法句經》第104-105偈

故事為鄙人摘譯自 K. Sri Dhammananda 長老主編的英文版 The Dhammapada，添枝減葉若干。

　　《法句經》第104偈與105偈的故事談及佛陀對賭博的看法。一天，有位婆羅門向佛陀說：「尊者，我想您只曉得有益的修行，卻不懂得無益的行徑。」佛陀也曾體驗世間百態，豈會不曉世事？當即回應：「我也知曉不但無益、甚且有害的行徑。」隨即列舉六樣會蕩散財富的行為。分別是：一、蒙頭大睡到旭日東升。二、慣常遊手好閒。三、兇惡殘酷。四、酗酒以至於酒醉昏沈。五、在可疑的時辰獨自遊蕩街頭。六、邪淫。

　　接著，佛陀問這位婆羅門以何營生。婆羅門答說，他靠擲骰子，也就是賭博，混口飯。佛陀又問：「你擲骰子，贏了？或輸了？」婆羅門倒也老實，說有贏有輸。於是，佛陀苦口婆心勸道：「贏了一場骰子戲，與克服德行汙點比起來，根本是微不足道呀。」

［巴利原文與英譯取自 Nārada 長老編譯的 The Dhammapada］

104 Be Rather a Victor of Yourself than a Victor of Others

Attā have jitaṃ seyyo

Yā cā’yaṃ itarā pajā

Attadantassa posassa

Niccaṃ saññatacārino

105 None Can Turn Self-Victory into Defeat

N’eva devo na gandhabbo

Na māro saha brahmunā

Jitaṃ apajitaṃ kayirā

Tathārūpassa jantuno

Self-conquest is, indeed, far greater than the conquest of all other folk; neither a god nor a gandhabba, nor Māra with Brahma, can win back the victory of such a person who is self-subdued and ever lives in restraint.

［中譯取自法增比丘的《南傳法句經新譯》］

[104]

勝己為最賢，遠勝於勝眾。

是故勝己者，梵魔無能勝。

[105]

天神音樂神，惡魔與梵天，

皆莫能勝彼，自御克己者。

NOTES　

註釋主要依據: A Dictionary of the Pali Language, by R. C. Childers;

Pali-English Dictionary, by T. W. Rhys Davids and W. Stede

Attā, ātumā: (m) self, body, person, individuality; life, mind, soul           acc. attaṃ, attānaṃ   ins./abl. attanā    gen./dat. attano: of oneself, one’s

Have: (adv) indeed, certainly

Jita: (pp/n) conquered, subdued; victory

Seyya: (adj) better, excellent     (m/n/f nom.) seyyo

Yo: (pron) who, what, which; he who, whoever     (f) yā

Ayaṃ: (pron. nom. m/f) this

Itara: (adj) other; different; remaining

Pajā: (f) creature, people, mankind, race, descendants

Danta: (pp. of dammati) tamed, subdued, trained, temperate

Posa, porisa: (m) a man, a human being, a person

Nicca: (adj) perpetual, lasting, constant

Niccaṃ: (adv) always, perpetually

Saññata, saṃyata: (pp. saṃyamati) tied, fastened; restrained, self-controlled

Saññatacārī: (m) one who lives in self-control, living in self-control

N’eva… na: neither… nor…

Deva: (m) a god, celestial being, angel; king; cloud; the sky, the air

Gandhabba: (m) Gandharva, a celestial musician   (f) gandhabbī  乾闥婆  The Gandhabbas are a class of demigods who inhabit the Cātummahārājika heaven, and are the special attendants of Dhataraṭṭha (Dhṛtarāṣṭra 持國天王).

Māra: (m) Death, the Tempter; the Evil principle

Saha: (adv) with, together with

Brahmā: (m) Mahābrahmā; the Hindu Brahma; a Brahman angel

Apa: (adv, prep) away, from, away from

Apajita: (pp/n) defeated; defeat

Karoti: to act, do, cause, cause to become, render, make, perform         opt. kayirā, kayirātha, kubbetha, kare, kareyya      ger. katvā

Tathārūpa: (adj) such, suitable, appropriate, adequate    (f) tathārūpī

Jantu: (m) a man, person, animal, creature